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-
- *****************************************************************************
- G R E Y
- The Greyscale GIF Decoder
- Rev 1.5
-
- Copyright (c) 1987 by Michael Vigneau
- *****************************************************************************
-
- GREY is a program that will display a GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
- image in "greyscale", using an IBM CGA card, Hercules card, or equivalent.
- GREY can handle any image up to 720 x 400 pixels, and up to 256 total colors.
- The program converts all colors to grey values, then displays those values
- using halftoning and dithering techniques. GREY also supports "true"
- greyscale on a VGA (Video Graphics Array).
-
- GREY requires at least 160K of free memory to run.
-
- The format for GREY is:
-
- [d:path\]GREY [-options] [d:path\]gif-file[.gif]
-
- Options are:
- -c CGA (default)
- -h Hercules
- -v VGA: 64 shades only
-
- Display Modes (CGA and Hercules only):
- 0 Black/White only
- 1 3 shades, medium res
- 2 9 shades, ordered dither
- 3 9 shades, slanted dither
- 4 33 shades, ordered dither
- 5 33 shades, slanted dither
-
- -r Reverse the image
-
- Options can be in either upper or lower case.
-
- Display modes are selected by entering the mode number after the option,
- for example, -c3 . If no display mode is selected, GREY will display a menu
- of valid choices. This allows the same image to be loaded once and viewed
- using different display modes. Display modes are not used with the "-v"
- option.
-
- You can also switch between display modes by pressing the desired number
- key while the image is displayed. The new image will be drawn on top of the
- previous image, using the new mode. This helps show the differences between
- the various modes.
-
- Please note that the mode numbers have changed since the previous version
- of GREY. Some less useful modes have been eliminated, while others have been
- added. Also, the Black/White mode now displays the image full-screen.
-
- The VGA mode draws the image using Mode 13h, known as "multi-color" or
- "MCGA" mode. The palette is set to produce 64 grey scales. Since this is
- performed by the hardware, no dithering or halftoning modes are needed.
- VGA mode will also work on PS/2 Models 25 and 30, the 8514/A Display Adapter,
- the PS/2 Display Adapter, and "VGA compatible" cards that support MCGA mode.
- (The program now uses BIOS to set the mode and palette.)
-
- Of course, the above hardware will support the CGA modes also.
-
-
- PRINTING
-
- If you have a "screen dump" program (such as GRAPHICS.COM or HARDCOPY),
- you can print the image by hitting the PrtSc (Print Screen) key. You may
- need to reverse the image before printing (see below).
-
- You cannot use this method in VGA mode, unless you have a utility
- specifically made to print Mode 13h (MCGA) screens.
-
-
- REVERSING THE DISPLAY
-
- If you have an LCD or other display that "draws" in black instead of
- white, you should use the "-r" option. This will reverse the black and white
- dots, making the image viewable. This option can be used in combination
- with other options, ex: GREY -C3 -R CHERYL.GIF .
-
- You can also reverse the image by pressing the "R" key while the image is
- displayed on the screen. This may be useful for printing "screen dumps".
-
- The reverse feature is not supported in the VGA mode.
-
-
- HOW IT WORKS
-
- GREY first reads the GIF file into memory. It does this for two reasons.
- First, if the image is greater than 320 x 200 pixels, GREY merges the
- pixel data into this size. (This is done mathematically, NOT by skipping
- pixels.) It does this to conserve memory, and to speed up the display. The
- second reason for storing the image is to handle "interlaced" files; the
- shading algorithms sometimes work with more than one raster line at a time,
- and an interlaced image mixes up the order of the lines. Any interlaced
- file is "de-interlaced" while it is being read into memory.
-
- As the file is being read, the colors in the image are converted to
- their equivalent grey values. This produces an exact greyscale
- representation of the color image, similar to a black and white photo of a
- color object. This "greymap" is then rendered onto the display screen,
- using the chosen Display Mode.
-
-
- HALFTONING AND DITHERING
-
- Different display modes work better for some types of images than for
- others.
-
- Choosing "Black/White" (mode 0) forces GREY to create an image where each
- pixel translates to either pure black or pure white. This feature is included
- for comparison with the greyscale versions.
-
- Mode 1 is a 3-shade halftone. This means that each pixel is either
- black, white, or "grey", which is a checkerboard of both black and white
- pixels.
-
- Modes 2 and 3 are 9-shade dithers. Modes 4 and 5 are 33-shade dithers.
- Dithering creates dot patterns that approximate grey shades. Larger dither
- patterns produce more grey shades, but tend to "wash out" the image. GREY
- uses two types of dithers, "ordered" and "slanted", each with two pattern
- sizes. The even numbered dither modes are "ordered", the odd ones are
- "slanted".
-
- The ordered dithers use a well-defined pattern that is designed to
- minimize contouring. Each successive pattern differs from the previous
- pattern by only one pixel. The patterns are built up in an ordered fashion.
-
- A "slanted dither" is my own variation on the ordered dither. Instead
- of building the dither pattern on a square grid, the pattern is created on
- 60 degree diagonals. This eliminates the "x" and "+" artifacts that the
- ordered dither produces, as well as the square grid dots on some shades.
- However, a different artifact occurs: slanted lines.
-
- At a distance, there is no difference between the ordered and slanted
- dithers; the same number of dots are produced in each case. When viewed
- at close range, the slanted dither sometimes produces better results. Use
- whichever pattern you prefer.
-
-
- HANDY MS-DOS TIP
-
- To display all GIF pictures in a directory, type the following line at the
- DOS prompt:
-
- FOR %X IN (*.GIF) DO GREY %X
-
- Put any options desired between the "GREY" and the final "%X".
-
-
- FEEDBACK
-
- If you find GREY to be useful to you, I would like to hear from you.
- I am open to suggestions for improvements. Please correspond via Easyplex
- to [76703,4275] or write a letter to:
-
- Michael Vigneau
- 25 Emerald St.
- Newton, MA 02158
-
- I hope you enjoy using GREY.
-
- ----------------------
- GIF and 'Graphics Interchange Format' are trademarks (tm) of
- CompuServe Incorporated, an H&R Block Company.
-